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[情緒疾病與治療]
 
6. 強迫症(Obsessive-compulsive disorder)

 

強迫症(OCD)是焦慮病的一種,香港約1.1%的人患上這病症。患者以強迫觀念和強迫動作為主要臨床表徵。患者明知強迫症状的持續存在毫無意義且不合理,卻不能剋制的反覆出現,愈是企圖努力抵制,反愈感到緊張和痛苦。強迫思想和行為的範圍很廣泛,部份強迫症患者的思想及行為具體表現如下:

  • 強迫洗潔:反覆多次洗手或洗物件,心中擺脫不了髒的想法,明知已洗乾淨,卻不能自制而非洗不可。

  • 強迫檢查:通常與強迫疑慮同時出現。患者對明知已做好的事情不放心,反覆檢查,如反覆檢查已鎖好的門窗,反覆核對已經寫好的賬單、信件或文稿等。

  • 強迫計數:不可控制地數台階、電線杆,做一定次數的某個動作,否則感到不安若漏掉了要重新數起。

  • 強迫排序:在日常活動之前,先要做一套有一定程序的動作,如睡前要一定程序脫衣鞋並按固定的規律放置,否則感到不安,而重新穿好衣、鞋、再按程序脫。

  • 強迫重覆:在日常生活中,患者會重覆做一些行為,如行路要行前行後或行某種形式,或重覆將家具轉動,以為可以為家人避免危險,患者心知不需要如此做重覆行為,但不能控制。

  • 強迫儲物:患者會收集大量的「廢物」如舊報紙、雜誌、膠袋或水樽等,以致家居環境及安全出現問題。

  • 強迫思想:反覆思想一些擔心的意念(如我想殺死某人、我要侵犯某女仕) ,並用另一些意念重覆地代替這些「不該有」的思想,患者不能控制及感到困擾。

根據英國國家臨床優化研究的建議,「面對治療及反應制止」(Exposure with Response Prevention), 是認知行為治療的其一方法)是現時最有效治理強迫症的心理治療。


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強迫症|強迫症治療|強迫症醫生|焦慮症|焦慮|抑鬱症|情緒病|OCD|obsessive compulsive disorder| OCD treatment|强迫症|强迫症治療|强迫症醫生

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